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Background  Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV;  Phlebovirus ,  Bunyaviridae ) is a mosquito–borne, zoonotic pathogen. In Senegal, RVFV was first isolated in 1974 from  Aedes dalzieli  (Theobald) and thereafter from  Ae. fowleri  (de Charmoy) , Ae. ochraceus  Theobald , Ae. vexans  (Meigen) , Culex poicilipes  (Theobald) , Mansonia africana  (Theobald) and  Ma. uniformis  (Theobald). However, the vector competence of these local species has never been demonstrated making hypothetical the transmission cycle proposed for West Africa based on serological data and mosquito isolates.    Methods   Aedes vexans  and  Cx. poicilipes,  two common mosquito species most frequently associated with RVFV in Senegal, and  Cx. quinquefasciatus , the most common domestic species, were assessed after oral feeding with three RVFV strains of the West and East/central African lineages. Fully engorged mosquitoes (420  Ae. vexans , 563  Cx. quinquefasciatus  and 380  Cx. poicilipes ) were maintained at 27 ± 1 °C and 70–80 % relative humidity. The saliva, legs/wings and bodies were tested individually for the RVFV genome using real-time RT-PCR at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days post exposure (dpe) to estimate the infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. Genotypic characterisation of the 3 strains used were performed to identify factors underlying the different patterns of transmission.    Results  The infection rates varied between 30.0–85.0 % for  Ae. vexans , 3.3–27 % for  Cx. quinquefasciatus  and 8.3–46.7 % for  Cx. poicilipes , and the dissemination rates varied between 10.5–37 % for  Ae. vexans , 9.5–28.6 % for  Cx. quinquefasciatus  and 3.0–40.9 % for  Cx. poicilipes . However only the East African lineage was transmitted, with transmission rates varying between 13.3–33.3 % in  Ae. vexan s, 50 % in  Cx. quinquefasciatus  and 11.1 % in  Cx. poicilipes. Culex  mosquitoes were less susceptible to infection than  Ae. vexans . Compared to other strains, amino acid variation in the NSs M segment proteins of the East African RVFV lineage human-derived strain SH172805, might explain the differences in transmission potential.    Conclusion  Our findings revealed that all the species tested were competent for RVFV with a significant more important role of  Ae. vexans  compared to  Culex  species and a highest potential of the East African lineage to be transmitted.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1383-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Vector competence of Aedes vexans (Meigen), Culex poicilipes (Theobald) and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say from Senegal for West and East African lineages of Rift Valley fever virus