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Background  Out of 20 spirochete species from  Borrelia burgdorferi  sensu lato (s.l.) complex recognized to date some are considered to have a limited distribution, while others are worldwide dispersed. Among those are  Borrelia burgdorferi  sensu stricto (s.s.) and  Borrelia bissettii  which are distributed both in North America and in Europe. While  B. burgdorferi  s.s. is recognized as a cause of Lyme borreliosis worldwide, involvement of  B. bissettii  in human Lyme disease was not so definite yet.    Findings  Multilocus sequence typing of spirochete isolates originating from residents of Georgia and Florida, USA, revealed the presence of two  Borrelia burgdorferi  sensu stricto strains highly similar to those from endemic Lyme borreliosis regions of the northeastern United States, and an unusual strain that differed from any previously described in Europe or North America. Based on phylogenetic analysis of eight chromosomally located housekeeping genes divergent strain clustered between  Borrelia bissettii  and  Borrelia carolinensis , two species from the  B.burgdorferi  s.l. complex, widely distributed among the multiple hosts and vector ticks in the southeastern United States. The genetic distance analysis showed a close relationship of the diverged strain to  B. bissettii .    Conclusions  Here, we present the analysis of the first North American human originated live spirochete strain that revealed close relatedness to  B. bissettii . The potential of  B. bissettii  to cause human disease, even if it is infrequent, is of importance for clinicians due to the extensive range of its geographic distribution.

parasites and vectors

A divergent spirochete strain isolated from a resident of the southeastern United States was identified by multilocus sequence typing as Borrelia bissettii.