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Background  Sand flies are insect vectors of protozoa from the genus  Leishmania , causative parasites of visceral and American tegumentary leishmaniases. The present study discusses the bioecological aspects of sand fly species, transmitters of  Leishmania  protozoa, in different ecotopes of an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit located in the metropolitan region of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil.    Methods  Two monthly captures were made in 1 year, using CDC light traps, in two anthropized and two preserved environments.    Results  A total of 2936 sand flies belonging to the following ten species were captured:  Evandromyia walkeri ,  Evandromyia evandroi ,  Psychodopygus wellcomei ,  Sciopemyia sordellii ,  Psathyromyia brasiliensis ,  Lutzomyia longipalpis ,  Evandromyia lenti ,  Psathyromyia shannoni ,  Nyssomyia whitmani  and  Nyssomyia intermedia . The most common species was  E. walkeri  (77.6 %), followed by  E. evandroi  (17.5 %). Forest was the site with the greatest abundance (32.4 %), followed by bamboo grove (26.3 %).    Conclusions  Sand flies were generally more abundant in the rainy season and  L. longipalpis , a vector species of  Leishmania infantum,  was adapted to anthropized environments. It was confirmed that  P. wellcomei , a vector of  Leishmania braziliensis  in Amazônia, is a species associated with more preserved environments, and occurs only in the rainy season.

parasites and vectors

Sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), vectors of Leishmania protozoa, at an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit in the municipality of Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil