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Background   Candidatus  Neoehrlichia came under the focus of recent research in terms of human and pet relevance.  Candidatus  Neoehrlichia mikurensis seems to be relatively abundant in animals and humans from Central European countries, whereas  Candidatus  Neoehrlichia lotoris was found solely in raccoons from the USA.    Findings  Spleen samples from a total of 164 red foxes, originating from two western provinces in Austria (Tyrol and Vorarlberg), were collected and examined for the presence of tick-borne bacteria of the family  Anaplasmataceae  by PCR and sequencing. In a fox sample originating from Vorarlberg  Candidatus  Neoehrlichia sp. was found, which is genetically (16S rRNA,  groEL ) closely related to  Candidatus  Neoehrlichia lotoris but clearly distinct from  Candidatus  Neoehrlichia mikurensis.    Conclusions  The present study revealed, for the first time, the occurrence of  Candidatus  Neoehrlichia sp. in a red fox worldwide. A continuing screening of wild carnivores, especially foxes, and ticks for this potential pathogen is required to evaluate the actual occurrence and distribution of these bacteria. Further research is needed to elucidate the relationships of Neoehrlichia, as well as their reservoir and impact on wildlife, pets and humans.

parasites and vectors

Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. in an Austrian fox is distinct from Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, but closer related to Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris