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Background  In Colombia,  Rhodnius prolixus  and  Triatoma dimidiata  are the main domestic triatomine species known to transmit  T. cruzi . However, there are multiple reports of  T. cruzi  transmission involving secondary vectors. In this work, we carried out an eco-epidemiological study on Margarita Island, located in the Caribbean region of Colombia, where Chagas disease is associated with non-domiciliated vectors.    Methods  To understand the transmission dynamics of  Trypanosoma cruzi  in this area, we designed a comprehensive, multi-faceted study including the following: (i) entomological evaluation through a community-based insect-surveillance campaign, blood meal source determination and  T. cruzi  infection rate estimation in triatomine insects; (ii) serological determination of  T. cruzi  prevalence in children under 15 years old, as well as in domestic dogs and synanthropic mammals; (iii) evaluation of  T. cruzi  transmission capacity in dogs and  Didelphis marsupialis,  and (iv) genetic characterization of  T. cruzi  isolates targeting spliced-leader intergene region (SL-IR) genotypes .Results  Out of the 124 triatomines collected, 94 % were  Triatoma maculata , and 71.6 % of them were infected with  T. cruzi.  Blood-meal source analysis showed that  T. maculata  feeds on multiple hosts, including humans and domestic dogs. Serological analysis indicated 2 of 803 children were infected, representing a prevalence of 0.25 %. The prevalence in domestic dogs was 71.6 % (171/224). Domestic dogs might not be competent reservoir hosts, as inferred from negative  T. cruzi  xenodiagnosis and haemoculture tests. However, 61.5 % (8/13) of  D. marsupialis , the most abundant synanthropic mammal captured, were  T. cruzi- positive on xenodiagnosis and haemocultures.    Conclusions  This study reveals the role of peridomestic  T. maculata  and dogs in  T. cruzi  persistence in this region and presents evidence that  D. marsupialis  are a reservoir mediating peridomestic-zoonotic cycles. This picture reflects the complexity of the transmission dynamics of  T. cruzi  in an endemic area with non-domiciliated vectors where active human infection exists. There is an ongoing need to control peridomestic  T. maculata  populations and to implement continuous reservoir surveillance strategies with community participation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1100-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

parasites and vectors

Eco-epidemiological study of an endemic Chagas disease region in northern Colombia reveals the importance of Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), dogs and Didelphis marsupialis in Trypanosoma cruzi maintenance