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Background  Three flea species,  Pulex irritans ,  Ctenocephalides canis  and  C. felis  parasitize shepherd dogs living on sheep farms in Greece. The aim of this randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial was to examine the efficacy of spinosad, when administered three times every 4 weeks, as the only intervention to treat and prevent flea infestations in shepherd dogs living on sheep farms.    Methods  Thirty dogs living on sheep farms and infested by at least 24 fleas were randomly allocated into equal groups. Group A dogs received spinosad (45–70 mg/kg body weight), every 4 weeks for three administrations, whereas Group B dogs were placebo-treated. Flea counting was performed at the beginning of the trial (day 0) and after 14, 28, 56 and 84 days. The first five fleas from each dog and 2–6 fleas collected from 5–11 sheep were used for species identification.    Results  The percentage of dogs with zero flea counts was significantly higher in group A than in group B at days 14, 28, 56 and 84 and flea counts were significantly lower in group A than in group B at days 14, 28, 56 and 84. In group A, flea counts were significantly lower at days 14, 28, 56 and 84 compared to day 0 whereas there were no changes in flea counts of group B dogs. The percent efficacy of spinosad for the treatment and prevention of flea infestation was higher than 98 % (arithmetic means) or higher than 99 % (geometric means) throughout the study. No adverse reactions were recorded.   C. canis  was the predominant flea species of dogs at day 0. In group A the relative abundance of  C. felis  increased at day14 whereas in group B the relative abundance of  P. irritans  increased at days 14, 28, 56 and 84.    Conclusions  Spinosad is safe and effective for the treatment of  C. canis  and  C. felis  infestations and for the prevention of  P. irritans ,  C. canis  and  C. felis  infestations in shepherd dogs living in close proximity to sheep.

A field trial of spinosad for the treatment and prevention of flea infestation in shepherd dogs living in close proximity to flea-infested sheep