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Background  The life cycle of  Plasmodium  is complex, requiring invasion of two different hosts, humans and mosquitoes. In humans, initiation of an effective Th1 response during early infection is critical for the control of parasite multiplication. In mosquitoes, inhibition of the development of sexual-stage parasites interrupts the parasite transmission. In this study, we aim to investigate whether dietary supplementation of L-arginine (L-Arg) in mice affects  Plasmodium yoelii  17XL ( Py 17XL) transmission in mosquitoes.    Methods  BALB/c mice were orally administered with 1.5 mg/g L-Arg daily for 7 days and infected with  Py 17XL. The mRNA levels of  inducible nitric oxide synthase  ( iNOS ) and  arginase 1  in spleen cells were determined by real-time RT-PCR. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) released by spleen cells in vitro was determined by the Griess method. The effect of L-Arg supplementation on subsequent development of  P. yoelii  gametocytes was evaluated by an in vitro ookinete culture assay and mosquito feeding assay.    Results  Pretreatment of mice with L-Arg significantly increased the transcript level of  iNOS  in spleen cells and the amount of NO synthesized. Dietary L-Arg supplementation also significantly reduced the number of zygotes and ookinetes formed during in vitro culture and the number of oocysts formed on mosquito midguts after blood feeding.    Conclusions  L-Arg enhances host immunity against blood-stage parasites as well as suppressing subsequent parasite development in mosquitoes. L-Arg as an inexpensive and safe supplement may be used as a novel adjunct treatment against malarial infection.

L-Arginine supplementation in mice enhances NO production in spleen cells and inhibits Plasmodium yoelii transmission in mosquitoes