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Background  The  Phlebotomus papatasi  salivary protein PpSP15 was shown to protect mice against  Leishmania major , suggesting that incorporation of salivary molecules in multi-component vaccines may be a viable strategy for anti- Leishmania  vaccines.    Methods  Here, we investigated PpSP15 predicted amino acid sequence variability and mRNA profile of  P. papatasi  field populations from the Middle East. In addition, predicted MHC class II T-cell epitopes were obtained and compared to areas of amino acid sequence variability within the secreted protein.    Results  The analysis of  PpSP15  expression from field populations revealed significant intra- and interpopulation variation.. In spite of the variability detected for  P. papatasi  populations, common epitopes for MHC class II binding are still present and may potentially be used to boost the response against  Le. major  infections.    Conclusions  Conserved epitopes of PpSP15 could potentially be used in the development of a salivary gland antigen-based vaccine.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0914-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Phlebotomus papatasi SP15: mRNA expression variability and amino acid sequence polymorphisms of field populations