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Background  Infection with  Cytauxzoon felis  in domestic cats can cause fever, lethargy, depression, inappetence, icterus, and often death. With a high mortality rate, cytauxzoonosis was historically considered a fatal disease. Within the last 15 years, cats with or without treatment have been recognized as chronically infected survivors of  C. felis  infection. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of  C. felis  in healthy domestic cats from Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.    Methods  Infection with  C. felis  was determined using DNA extracted from anticoagulated whole blood and PCR amplification using  C. felis -specific primers. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests, and odds ratios were used to compare proportions of cats infected with  C. felis .    Results  Blood samples were collected from 902 healthy domestic cats between October 2008 and April 2012. DNA from  Cytauxzoon felis  was detected in 56 of 902 (6.2%; 95% confidence interval, 4.7–7.9) samples. The highest prevalence of  C. felis  infection (15.5%; 10.3–21.7) was observed in cats from Arkansas, followed by cats from Missouri (12.9%; 6.1–24.0), and cats from Oklahoma (3.4%; 2.2–5.1). Cats sampled in Arkansas and Missouri were 5.1 and 4.2, respectively, times more likely to be chronically infected with  C. felis  than cats from Oklahoma.    Conclusions  Infection with  C. felis  is common in domestic cats through Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. The high prevalence of  C. felis  reported herein suggests that infected domestic cats are likely reservoirs of infection for naive felines. The high prevalence of  C. felis  substantiates the importance for the use of approved acaricides on cats to prevent cytauxzoonosis.

Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis infection in healthy cats from enzootic areas in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma