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Background  The systematics of echinostomes within the so-called ' revolutum ' group of the genus  Echinostoma , which encompasses the type-species  E. revolutum  and a number of morphologically similar species, has long been controversial. Recent molecular studies indicate the existence of more species than previously considered valid, thus stressing the need for wider taxon sampling from natural host populations. This is especially true for Europe where morphological evidence indicates higher species diversity than previously thought, but where molecular data are virtually lacking. This gap in our knowledge was addressed in the present study through an integration of morphological and molecular approaches in the investigation of a dataset with larger taxonomic and geographical coverage.    Methods  More than 20,000 freshwater snails belonging to 16 species were collected during 1998–2012 from various localities in eight countries in Europe. Snail screening provided representative larval isolates for five species of the ' revolutum ' group, identified by their morphology. Adult isolates for four species recovered from natural and experimental infections were also identified. Partial fragments of the mitochondrial  nad 1 and 28S rRNA genes were amplified for 74 and 16 isolates, respectively; these were analysed together with the sequences of  Echinostoma  spp. available on GenBank.    Results  Delineation of the European  Echinostoma  spp. was carried out based on molecular, morphological and ecological data. The large-scale screening revealed infections with five  Echinostoma  spp., including one new species:  E. revolutum  ( sensu stricto ),  E. miyagawai ,  E. paraulum ,  E. bolschewense  and  Echinostoma  n. sp. The newly-generated  nad 1 sequences from Europe fall into six distinct, well-supported, reciprocally monophyletic lineages corresponding to the species identifications based on morphology; this was corroborated by the 28S rDNA sequences. The analyses of the total  nad 1 dataset provided evidence for 12 monophyletic groups and five singletons, which represent seven described/named species and ten cryptic species-level lineages of  Echinostoma .    Conclusion  We conclude that  nad 1 should be the first choice for large-scale barcode-based identification of the species of the ' revolutum ' group. Our study provides a comprehensive reference library for precisely identified isolates of the European species and highlights the importance of an integrative approach for species identification linking molecular, morphological and biological data.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0520-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Echinostoma 'revolutum' (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) species complex revisited: species delimitation based on novel molecular and morphological data gathered in Europe