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Background   Bacillus subtilis  CS13 was previously isolated for 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) co-production. When culturing this strain without L-glutamic acid in the medium, 2,3-BD is the main metabolic product. 2,3-BD is an important substance and fuel with applications in the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the yield and productivity for the  B. subtilis  strain should be improved for more efficient production of 2,3-BD.    Results  The medium composition, which contained 281.1 g/L sucrose, 21.9 g/L ammonium citrate, and 3.6 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, was optimized by response surface methodology for 2,3-BD production using  B. subtilis  CS13. The maximum amount of 2,3-BD (125.5 ± 3.1 g/L) was obtained from the optimized medium after 96 h. The highest concentration and productivity of 2,3-BD were achieved simultaneously at an agitation speed of 500 rpm and aeration rate of 2 L/min in the batch cultures. A total of 132.4 ± 4.4 g/L 2,3-BD was obtained with a productivity of 2.45 ± 0.08 g/L/h and yield of 0.45 g 2,3-BD /g sucrose  by fed-batch fermentation. The meso-2,3-BD/2,3-BD ratio of the 2,3-BD produced by  B. subtilis  CS13 was 92.1%. Furthermore, 89.6 ± 2.8 g/L 2,3-BD with a productivity of 2.13 ± 0.07 g/L/h and yield of 0.42 g 2,3-BD /g sugar  was achieved using molasses as a carbon source.    Conclusions  The production of 2,3-BD by  B. subtilis  CS13 showed a higher concentration, productivity, and yield compared to the reported generally recognized as safe 2,3-BD producers. These results suggest that  B. subtilis  CS13 is a promising strain for industrial-scale production of 2,3-BD.

Process optimization for mass production of 2,3-butanediol by Bacillus subtilis CS13