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Background  Major cost of bioethanol is attributed to enzymes employed in biomass hydrolysis. Biomass hydrolyzing enzymes are predominantly produced from the hyper-cellulolytic mutant filamentous fungus  Trichoderma reesei  RUT-C30. Several decades of research have failed to provide an industrial grade organism other than  T. reesei , capable of producing higher titers of an effective synergistic biomass hydrolyzing enzyme cocktail . Penicillium janthinellum  NCIM1366 was reported as a cellulase hyper producer and a potential alternative to  T. reesei , but a comparison of their hydrolytic performance was seldom attempted.    Results  Hydrolysis of acid or alkali-pretreated rice straw using cellulase enzyme preparations from  P. janthinellum  and  T. reesei  indicated 37 and 43% higher glucose release, respectively, with  P. janthinellum  enzymes. A comparison of these fungi with respect to their secreted enzymes indicated that the crude enzyme preparation from  P. janthinellum  showed 28% higher overall cellulase activity. It also had an exceptional tenfold higher beta-glucosidase activity compared to that of  T. reesei , leading to a lower cellobiose accumulation and thus alleviating the feedback inhibition.  P. janthinellum  secreted more number of proteins to the extracellular medium whose total concentration was 1.8-fold higher than  T. reesei . Secretome analyses of the two fungi revealed higher number of CAZymes and a higher relative abundance of cellulases upon cellulose induction in the fungus.    Conclusions  The results revealed the ability of  P. janthinellum  for efficient biomass degradation through hyper cellulase production, and it outperformed the established industrial cellulase producer  T. reesei  in the hydrolysis experiments. A higher level of induction, larger number of secreted CAZymes and a high relative proportion of BGL to cellulases indicate the possible reasons for its performance advantage in biomass hydrolysis.

biotechnology for biofuels

Penicillium janthinellum NCIM1366 shows improved biomass hydrolysis and a larger number of CAZymes with higher induction levels over Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30