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Background  Phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) can change the acyl-carrier protein (ACP) from an inactive apo-ACP to an active holo-ACP that plays a key role in fatty acids biosynthesis. Currently, the PPTase has been proved to be involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway in Thraustochytrids, while its characteristics are not clarified.    Results  Here, the heterologous PPTase gene ( pfaE ) from bacteria was first co-expressed with the PKS system ( orfA – orfC ) from Thraustochytrid  Aurantiochytrium . Then, a new endogenous PPTase ( ppt_a ) in  Aurantiochytrium  was identified by homologous alignment and its function was verified in  E. coli . Moreover, the endogenous  ppt_a  was then overexpressed in  Aurantiochytrium , and results showed that the production and proportion of PUFAs, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the transformant SD116::PPT_A were increased by 35.5% and 17.6%, respectively. Finally, higher DHA and PUFA proportion (53.9% and 64.5% of TFA, respectively) were obtained in SD116::PPT_A using a cerulenin feeding strategy.    Conclusions  This study has illustrated a PUFAs-synthase-specific PPTase in PKS system and provided a new strategy to improve the PUFA production in Thraustochytrids.

PUFA-synthase-specific PPTase enhanced the polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis via the polyketide synthase pathway in Aurantiochytrium