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Background  As the circular economy advocates a near total waste reduction, the industry has shown an increased interest toward the exploitation of various residual biomasses. The origin and availability of biomass used as feedstock strongly affect the sustainability of biorefineries, where it is converted in energy and chemicals. Here, we explored the valorization of  Camelina  meal, the leftover residue from  Camelina sativa  oil extraction. In fact, in addition to  Camelina  meal use as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value.    Results   Camelina  meal hydrolysates were used as nutrient and energy sources for the fermentation of the carotenoid-producing yeast  Rhodosporidium toruloides  in shake flasks. Total acid hydrolysis revealed that carbohydrates accounted for a maximum of 31 ± 1.0% of  Camelina  meal. However, because acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, yielding a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), and SSF preceded by presaccharification of  Camelina  meal hydrolysate produced 5 ± 0.7, 16 ± 1.9, and 13 ± 2.6 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively. Importantly, the presence of water-insoluble solids, which normally inhibit microbial growth, correlated with a higher titer of carotenoids, suggesting that the latter could act as scavengers.    Conclusions  This study paves the way for the exploitation of  Camelina  meal as feedstock in biorefinery processes. The process under development provides an example of how different final products can be obtained from this side stream, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched  Camelina  meal, can potentially increase the initial value of the source material. The obtained data will help assess the feasibility of using  Camelina  meal to generate high value-added products.

Camelina sativa meal hydrolysate as sustainable biomass for the production of carotenoids by Rhodosporidium toruloides