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Background  The organic acid producer  Aspergillus oryzae  and  Rhizopus delemar  are able to convert several alternative carbon sources to malic and fumaric acid. Thus, carbohydrate hydrolysates from lignocellulose separation are likely suitable as substrate for organic acid production with these fungi.    Results  Before lignocellulose hydrolysate fractions were tested as substrates, experiments with several mono- and disaccharides, possibly present in pretreated biomass, were conducted for their suitability for malic acid production with  A. oryzae.  This includes levoglucosan, glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, ribose, and cellobiose as well as cheap and easy available sugars, e.g., fructose and maltose.  A. oryzae  is able to convert every sugar investigated to malate, albeit with different yields. Based on the promising results from the pure sugar conversion experiments, fractions of the organosolv process from beechwood ( Fagus sylvatica ) and  Miscanthus giganteus  were further analyzed as carbon source for cultivation and fermentation with  A. oryzae  for malic acid and  R. delemar  for fumaric acid production. The highest malic acid concentration of 37.9 ± 2.6 g/L could be reached using beechwood cellulose fraction as carbon source in bioreactor fermentation with  A. oryzae  and 16.2 ± 0.2 g/L fumaric acid with  R. delemar .    Conclusions  We showed in this study that the range of convertible sugars for  A. oryzae  is even higher than known before. We approved the suitability of fiber/cellulose hydrolysate obtained from the organosolv process as carbon source for  A. oryzae  in shake flasks as well as in a small-scale bioreactor. The more challenging hemicellulose fraction of  F. sylvatica  was also positively evaluated for malic acid production with  A. oryzae .

Sustainable carbon sources for microbial organic acid production with filamentous fungi