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Background    Ashbya gossypii  is a filamentous fungus that is currently exploited for the industrial production of riboflavin. The utilization of  A. gossypii  as a microbial biocatalyst is further supported by its ability to grow in low-cost feedstocks, inexpensive downstream processing and the availability of an ease to use molecular toolbox for genetic and genomic modifications. Consequently,  A. gossypii  has been also introduced as an ideal biotechnological chassis for the production of inosine, folic acid, and microbial oils. However,  A. gossypii  cannot use xylose, the most common pentose in hydrolysates of plant biomass.    Results  In this work, we aimed at designing  A. gossypii  strains able to utilize xylose as the carbon source for the production of biolipids. An endogenous xylose utilization pathway was identified and overexpressed, resulting in an  A. gossypii  xylose-metabolizing strain showing prominent conversion rates of xylose to xylitol (up to 97% after 48 h). In addition, metabolic flux channeling from xylulose-5-phosphate to acetyl-CoA, using aheterologous phosphoketolase pathway, increased the lipid content in the xylose-metabolizing strain a 54% over the parental strain growing in glucose-based media. This increase raised to 69% when lipid accumulation was further boosted by blocking the beta-oxidation pathway.    Conclusions    Ashbya gossypii  has been engineered for the utilization of xylose. We present here a proof-of-concept study for the production of microbial oils from xylose in  A. gossypii , thus introducing a novel biocatalyst with very promising properties in developing consolidated bioprocessing to produce fine chemicals and biofuels from xylose-rich hydrolysates of plant biomass.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0685-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Utilization of xylose by engineered strains of Ashbya gossypii for the production of microbial oils