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Background  Sugarcane, a tropical C4 perennial crop, is capable of producing 30–100 tons or more of biomass per hectare annually. The lignocellulosic residue remaining after sugar extraction is currently underutilized and can provide a significant source of biomass for the production of second-generation bioethanol.    Results   MYB31  and  MYB42  were cloned from maize and expressed in sugarcane with and without the UTR sequences. The cloned sequences were 98 and 99 % identical to the published nucleotide sequences. The inclusion of the UTR sequences did not affect any of the parameters tested. There was little difference in plant height and the number of internodes of the  MYB -overexpressing sugarcane plants when compared with controls.  MYB  transgene expression determined by qPCR exhibited continued expression in young and maturing internodes.  MYB31  downregulated more genes within the lignin biosynthetic pathway than  MYB42 .  MYB31  and  MYB42  expression resulted in decreased lignin content in some lines. All MYB42 plants further analyzed showed significant increases in glucose release by enzymatic hydrolysis in 72 h, whereas only two MYB31 plants released more glucose than control plants. This correlated directly with a significant decrease in acid-insoluble lignin. Soluble sucrose content of the MYB42 transgenic plants did not vary compared to control plants.    Conclusions  This study demonstrates the use of  MYB  transcription factors to improve the production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse remaining after sugar extraction.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0559-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Sugarcane transgenics expressing MYB transcription factors show improved glucose release