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Background  Production of the versatile bulk chemical 1,2-propanediol and the potential biofuel 1-propanol is still dependent on petroleum, but some approaches to establish bio-based production from renewable feed stocks and to avoid toxic intermediates have been described. The biotechnological workhorse  Corynebacterium glutamicum  has also been shown to be able to overproduce 1,2-propanediol by metabolic engineering. Additionally,  C. glutamicum  has previously been engineered for production of the biofuels ethanol and isobutanol but not for 1-propanol.    Results  In this study, the improved production of 1,2-propanediol by  C. glutamicum  is presented. The product yield of a  C. glutamicum  strain expressing the heterologous genes  gldA  and  mgsA  from  Escherichia coli  that encode methylglyoxal synthase gene and glycerol dehydrogenase, respectively, was improved by additional expression of alcohol dehydrogenase gene  yqhD  from  E. coli  leading to a yield of 0.131 mol/mol glucose. Deletion of the endogenous genes  hdpA  and  ldh  encoding dihydroxyacetone phosphate phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, respectively, prevented formation of glycerol and lactate as by-products and improved the yield to 0.343 mol/mol glucose. To construct a 1-propanol producer, the operon  ppdABC  from  Klebsiella oxytoca  encoding diol dehydratase was expressed in the improved 1,2-propanediol producing strain ending up with 12 mM 1-propanol and up to 60 mM unconverted 1,2-propanediol. Thus, B 12 -dependent diol dehydratase activity may be limiting 1-propanol production.    Conclusions  Production of 1,2-propanediol by  C. glutamicum  was improved by metabolic engineering targeting endogenous enzymes. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, production of 1-propanol by recombinant  C. glutamicum  was demonstrated for the first time.

Metabolic pathway engineering for production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol by Corynebacterium glutamicum