English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  Resistance of bacteria and fungi to antibiotics is one of the biggest problems that faces public health. The present work was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of saponins from  Melanthera elliptica  and their synergistic effects with standard antibiotics against pathogenic phenotypes. The plant extract was prepared by maceration in methanol. The methanol extract was partitioned into ethyl acetate and  n -butanol extracts. Column chromatography of the  n -butanol extract followed by purification of different fractions led to the isolation of four saponins. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectra analysis, and by comparison with those from the literature. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts/compounds alone and their combinations with tetracycline and fluconazole were evaluated using the broth microdilution method through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration.    Results  Four compounds: 3- O - β - d -glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid ( 1 ), 3- O - β - d -glucuronopyranosyloleanolic acid 28- O - β - d -glucopyranosyl ester ( 2 ), 3- O - β - d -glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)- β - d -glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid ( 3 ) and 3- O - β - d -glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)- β - d -glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28- O - β - d -glucopyranosyl ester ( 4 ) were isolated. Compounds  1 ,  2  and  3  showed the largest antibacterial activities (MIC = 8–128 μg/mL) whereas compound  4  displayed the highest antifungal activities (MIC = 8–16 μg/mL). The antibacterial activities of compounds  1  and  2  (MIC = 16–32 μg/mL) against multi-drug-resistant  Escherichia coli  S2 (1) and  Shigella flexneri  SDINT are equal to those of vancomycin (MIC = 16–32 μg/mL) used as reference antibiotic.    Conclusions  The present study showed significant antimicrobial activity of compounds  1 ,  2 ,  3  and  4  against the tested microorganisms. The saponins act in synergy with the tested standard antibiotics. This synergy could lead to new options for the treatment of infectious diseases and emerging drug resistance.

Antimicrobial activities of saponins from Melanthera elliptica and their synergistic effects with antibiotics against pathogenic phenotypes