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Background  Heterocyclic pyrimidine nucleus, which is an essential base component of the genetic material of deoxyribonucleic acid, demonstrated various biological activities. A series of bis-pyrimidine Schiff bases were synthesized and screened for its antimicrobial and anticancer potentials. The molecular docking study was carried to find the interaction between active molecules with receptor.    Results  The structures of synthesized bis-pyrimidine Schiff bases were confirmed by spectral studies. The synthesized bis-pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity (MIC = µmol/mL) against selected Gram positive; Gram negative bacterial and fungal strains by tube dilution method. The anticancer activity (IC 50  = µmol/mL) of the synthesized compounds was determined against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cancer cell line by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Molecular docking studies provided information regarding the binding mode of active bis-pyrimidine Schiff bases with the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) receptor.    Conclusions  The antimicrobial screening results indicated that compounds,  q1  (MIC bs  = 0.83 µmol/mL),  q16  (MIC an  = 1.54 µmol/mL and MIC ec  = 0.77 µmol/mL),  q1  and  q19  (MIC ca  = 0.41 µmol/mL) and  q20  (MIC = 0.36 µmol/mL) are the most active ones. Compounds  q1  (IC 50  = 0.18 µmol/mL) have emerged as potent anticancer molecule against human colorectal carcinoma cancer cell line than the reference drug, 5-fluorouracil. Molecular docking studies indicated that compound  q1  (the most active molecule) has the maximum hydrogen bond interaction (four) and π–π stacking (three) network among the bis-pyrimidine Schiff bases.   Graphical abstract   Graphical illustration of predicted binding mode of bis-pyrimidine Schiff bases in the active site of CDK8.  a . Compound  1  (magenta color),  b . Compound  5  (green color),  c . Compound  8  (red color),  d . Compound  13  (split pea color).

Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of bis-pyrimidine Schiff base derivatives