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Background  Olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are known to represent diverse neuronal subtypes, which are thought to originate from a number of telencephalic regions including the embryonic dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence (dLGE) and septum. These cells migrate rostrally toward the OB, where they then radially migrate to populate different OB layers including the granule cell layer (GCL) and the outer glomerular layer (GL). Although previous studies have attempted to investigate regional contributions to OB interneuron diversity, few genetic tools have been used to address this question at embryonic time points when the earliest populations are specified.    Methods  In this study, we utilized  Zic3-lacZ  and  Gsx2e-CIE  transgenic mice as genetic fate-mapping tools to study OB interneuron contributions derived from septum and LGE, respectively. Moreover, to address the regional (i.e. septal) requirements of the homeobox gene  Gsx2  for OB interneuron diversity, we conditionally inactivated  Gsx2  in the septum, leaving it largely intact in the dLGE, by recombining the  Gsx2  floxed allele using  Olig2    Cre/+   mice.    Results  Our fate mapping studies demonstrated that the dLGE and septum gave rise to OB interneuron subtypes differently. Notably, the embryonic septum was found to give rise largely to the calretinin +  (CR + ) GL subtype, while the dLGE was more diverse, generating all major GL subpopulations as well as many GCL interneurons. Moreover,  Gsx2  conditional mutants (cKOs), with septum but not dLGE recombination, showed impaired generation of CR +  interneurons within the OB GL. These  Gsx2  cKOs exhibited reduced proliferation within the septal subventricular zone (SVZ), which correlated well with the reduced number of CR +  interneurons observed.    Conclusions  Our findings indicate that the septum and LGE contribute differently to OB interneuron diversity. While the dLGE provides a wide range of OB interneuron subtypes, the septum is more restricted in its contribution to the CR +  subtype.  Gsx2  is required in septal progenitors for the correct expansion of SVZ progenitors specified toward the CR +  subtype. Finally, the septum has been suggested to be the exclusive source of CR +  interneurons in postnatal studies. Our results here demonstrate that dLGE progenitors in the embryo also contribute to this OB neuronal subtype.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-017-0090-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Septal contributions to olfactory bulb interneuron diversity in the embryonic mouse telencephalon: role of the homeobox gene Gsx2