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Background  Disorders of consciousness (DOC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) raise the mortality of patients, restrict the rehabilitation of patients with TBI, and increase the physical and economic burden that TBI imposes on patients and their families. Thus, treatment to promote early awakening in DOC after TBI is of vital importance. Various treatments have been reported, but there is no advanced evidence base to support them. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown great potential in promoting neuroelectrochemical effects. This protocol is for a double-blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial aiming to research the effects and safety of conventional rehabilitation combined with tDCS therapy in patients with DOC after TBI.    Methods/design  Eighty patients with DOC after TBI will be randomized into one of two groups receiving conventional rehabilitation combined with sham tDCS or conventional rehabilitation combined with active tDCS. The intervention period in each of the two groups will last 4 weeks (20 min per day, 6 days per week). Primary outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)) will be measured at baseline and the end of every week from the first to the fourth week. Secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline and the end of the fourth week. Adverse events and untoward effects will be measured during each treatment.    Discussion  Patients with central nervous system lesions have received tDCS as a painless, non-invasive, easily applied and effective therapy for several decades, and there has been some evidence in recent years showing partial improvement on the level of consciousness of partial patients with DOC. However, reports mainly focus on the patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS), and there is a lack of large-sample clinical trials. This protocol presents an objective design for a randomized controlled trial that aims to study the effectiveness of conventional rehabilitation combined with tDCS therapy for DOC after TBI, to evaluate its safety, and to explore effective and economical therapeutic methods.    Trial registration  Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,  ChiCTR1800014808 . Registered on 7 February 2018.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3680-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

trials

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on patients with disorders of consciousness after traumatic brain injury: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind controlled trial