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Background  This study evaluates a novel bronchodilator, S1226, for its efficacy in reversing allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with mild, allergic asthma. S1226 is a new class of bronchodilator that is an aerosol/vapor/gas mixture combining pharmacological and biophysical principles for a novel mode of action. It contains a potent bronchodilator gas (carbon dioxide or CO 2 ) and nebulized perflubron (a synthetic surfactant possessing mucolytic properties). It has demonstrated rapid reversal of allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in an ovine study model.    Methods  This was a phase IIa proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover single-dose clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of S1226 (8% CO 2 ) administered by nebulization following an allergen-induced early asthmatic response in 12 subjects with mild, allergic asthma. Primary safety endpoints were adverse events, vital signs, pulse oximetry, and spirometry. Efficacy endpoints included bronchodilator response (measured as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s or FEV 1 ) over time, the area under the curve of FEV 1  for the early asthmatic response over time, and achievement of responder status, defined as a 12% improvement after the allergen challenge.    Results  No significant safety issues were observed. All adverse events were non-serious, mild, and transient. There was a statistically significant decrease in peripheral blood oxygenation levels over time in the placebo group following allergen inhalation, whereas blood oxygenation was maintained at normal levels in the S1226-treated subjects ( P  = 0.028). This effect was greatest 5 min after start of treatment ( P  < 0.001). The recovery rate was faster but not significantly so ( P  = 0.272) for S1226 compared to the placebo at earlier time points (5, 10, and 15 min), as assessed by ≥12% reversal of FEV 1.  The recovery of FEV 1  over time was significantly greater ( P  = 0.04) with S1226 compared to the placebo.    Conclusions  S1226 was safe, tolerated well, and provided bronchodilation and improved blood oxygenation in subjects with mild atopic asthma following allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. Additional studies to optimize the therapeutic response are indicated.    Trial registration  ClinicalTrials.gov,  NCT02334553 . Registered on 12 November 2014.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2720-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

trials

A phase IIa proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover, single-dose clinical trial of a new class of bronchodilator for acute asthma