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Background  Vitamin B 12  deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies and is associated with poor cognitive development and growth. Vitamin B 12  is crucial for normal cell division and differentiation, and it is necessary for the development and myelination of the central nervous system. The aim of the present study is to measure the effect of daily supplementation of vitamin B 12  on the neurodevelopment and growth of young children in Nepal.    Methods/design  We are conducting an individually randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 600 marginally stunted children 6–11 months old (length for age less than −1 z-score). Children are randomized to receive a lipid-based paste containing vitamin B 12  or placebo daily for 12 months. The main outcomes are changes in growth (z-scores) and in neurodevelopment measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, from baseline until the end of the study.    Discussion  If vitamin B 12  supplementation benefits early child development and growth, this will have consequences for dietary recommendations for malnourished children worldwide.    Trial registrations  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:  NCT02272842 . Registered on 21 October 2014.  Universal Trial Number: U1111-1161-5187. Registered on 8 September 2014.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1937-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The effect of vitamin B12 supplementation in Nepalese infants on growth and development: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial