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Background    Rhododendron chrysanthum  Pall., an endangered species with significant ornamental and medicinal value, is endemic to the Changbai Mountain of China and can also serve as a significant plant resource for investigating the stress tolerance in plants. Proteomics is an effective analytical tool that provides significant information about plant metabolism and gene expression. However, no proteomics data have been reported for  R. chrysanthum  previously. In alpine tundra, the abiotic stress will lead to a severe over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many alpine plants overcome the severe stresses and protect themselves from the oxidative damage by increasing the ratio and activity of antioxidant enzymes.    Results  In our study, wild type and domesticated  Rhododendron chrysanthum  Pall. were used as experimental and control groups, respectively. Proteomics method combined with biochemical approach were applied for the stress tolerance investigation of  R. chrysanthum  at both protein and molecular level. A total of 1,395 proteins were identified, among which 137 proteins were up-regulate in the experimental group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly higher and the expression of APXs and GPX were also increased in the experimental group. Moreover, the interaction network analysis of these enzymes also reveals that the antioxidant enzymes play important roles in the stress resistance in plants.    Conclusions  This is the first report of the proteome of  Rhododendron chrysanthum  Pall., and the data reinforce the notion that the antioxidant system plays a significant role in plant stress survival. Our results also verified that  R. chrysanthum  is highly resistant to abiotic stress and can serve as a significant resource for investigating stress tolerance in plants.    Reviewers  This article was reviewed by George V. (Yura) Shpakovski and Ramanathan Sowdhamini.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-017-0181-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Biochemical and proteomics analyses of antioxidant enzymes reveal the potential stress tolerance in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall