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Background  Breast cancers acquire aggressive capabilities via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which various integrins/integrin-linked kinase signalling are upregulated.    Methods  We investigated this in two patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed from breast-to-bone metastases, and its functional significance in a breast cancer cell line system. ED03 and EDW01 PDXs were grown subcutaneously in immunocompromised SCID mice through 11 passages and 7 passages, respectively. Tumour tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for oestrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, E-cadherin, vimentin, Twist1, beta-catenin, P120-RasGAP, CD44, CD24 and Ki67, and RT-qPCR of EMT-related factors ( CDH1 ,  VIM ,  CD44 ,  CD24 ), integrins beta 1 ( ITGB1 ), alpha 2 ( ITGA2 ) and  ILK . Integrin and  ILK  expression in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EMT of the PMC42-ET breast cancer cell line was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, as were the effects of their transient knockdown via small interfering RNA +/− EGF. Cell migration, changes in cell morphology and adhesion of siRNA-transfected PMC42-ET cells to various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates was assessed.    Results  The ED03 (ER+/PR−/HER2−/lobular) and EDW01 (ER+/PR−/HER2−/ductal) PDXs were both classified as molecular subtype luminal A. ED03 xenografts exhibited mutated E-cadherin with minimal expression, but remained vimentin-negative across all passages. In EDW01, the hypoxic indicator gene CAIX and Twist1 were co-ordinately upregulated at passages 4–5, corresponding with a decrease in E-cadherin. At passages 6–7,  VIM  was upregulated along with  ITGB1  and  ITGA2 , consistent with an increasing EMT. The ED03 PDX displayed minimal change over passages in mice, for all genes examined.  ILK ,  ITGB1  and  ITGA2  mRNAs were also increased in the EGF-induced EMT of PMC42-ET cells (in which  CDH1  was downregulated) although siRNA against these targets revealed that this induction was not necessary for the observed EMT. However, their knockdown significantly reduced EMT-associated adhesion and Transwell migration.    Conclusion  Our data suggest that despite an increase in  ITGA2  and  ITGB1  gene expression in the EMT exhibited by EDW01 PDX over multiple generations, this pathway may not necessarily drive the EMT process.    Supplementary information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-020-01366-8.

breast cancer research

Integrin alpha-2 and beta-1 expression increases through multiple generations of the EDW01 patient-derived xenograft model of breast cancer—insight into their role in epithelial mesenchymal transition in vivo gained from an in vitro model system