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Background  Selinexor (KPT-330) is an oral agent that has been shown to inhibit the nuclear exporter XPO1. Given the pressing need for novel therapies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we sought to determine the antitumor effects of selinexor in vitro and in vivo.    Methods  Twenty-six breast cancer cell lines of different breast cancer subtypes were treated with selinexor in vitro. Cell proliferation assays were used to measure the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) and to test the effects in combination with chemotherapy. In vivo efficacy was tested both as a single agent and in combination therapy in TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs).    Results  Selinexor demonstrated growth inhibition in all 14 TNBC cell lines tested; TNBC cell lines were more sensitive to selinexor (median IC 50  44 nM, range 11 to 550 nM) than were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines (median IC 50  > 1000 nM, range 40 to >1000 nM;  P  = 0.017). In multiple TNBC cell lines, selinexor was synergistic with paclitaxel, carboplatin, eribulin, and doxorubicin in vitro .  Selinexor as a single agent reduced tumor growth in vivo in four of five different TNBC PDX models, with a median tumor growth inhibition ratio (T/C: treatment/control) of 42% (range 31 to 73%) and demonstrated greater antitumor efficacy in combination with paclitaxel or eribulin (average T/C ratios of 27% and 12%, respectively).    Conclusions  Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that selinexor is a promising therapeutic agent for TNBC as a single agent and in combination with standard chemotherapy.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0878-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Selinexor (KPT-330) demonstrates anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer