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Background  Members of the microRNA (miR)-200 family, which are involved in tumor metastasis, have potential as cancer biomarkers, but their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.    Methods  We investigated  FOXP3 -inducible breast cancer cells,  Foxp3  heterozygous  Scurfy  mutant ( Foxp3    sf/+  ) female mice, and patients with breast cancer for characterization of the formation and regulation of the miR-200 family in breast cancer cells and circulation. Participants (259), including patients with breast cancer or benign breast tumors, members of breast cancer families, and healthy controls, were assessed for tumor and circulating levels of the miR-200 family.    Results  First, we identified a FOXP3-KAT2B-miR-200c/141 axis in breast cancer cells. Second, aging  Foxp3    sf/+   female mice developed spontaneous breast cancers and lung metastases. Levels of miR-200c and miR-141 were lower in  Foxp3    sf/+   tumor cells than in normal breast epithelial cells, but plasma levels of miR-200c and miR-141 in the  Foxp3    sf/+   mice increased during tumor progression and metastasis. Third, in patients with breast cancer, the levels of miR-200c and 141 were lower in  FOXP3   low  relative to those with  FOXP3   high  breast cancer cells, especially in late-stage and metastatic cancer cells. The levels of miR-200c and miR-141 were higher in plasma from patients with metastatic breast cancer than in plasma from those with localized breast cancer, with benign breast tumors, with a family history of breast cancer, or from healthy controls. Finally, in  Foxp3    sf/+   mice, plasma miR-200c and miR-141 appeared to be released from tumor cells.    Conclusions  miR-200c and miR-141 are regulated by a FOXP3-KAT2B axis in breast cancer cells, and circulating levels of miR-200c and miR-141 are potential biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer metastases.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0858-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

MicroRNA-200c and microRNA- 141 are regulated by a FOXP3-KAT2B axis and associated with tumor metastasis in breast cancer