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Background  In childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the  ETV6/RUNX1  fusion transcript is considered to have an excellent outcome. However, few studies of children with  ETV6/RUNX1 -positive ALL from China have been conducted. It is largely unknown whether clinical outcomes for patients with this genotype and important factors that influence such outcomes are similar to those reported in other countries. Therefore, it is important to analyze the outcomes of children with  ETV6/RUNX1 -positive ALL treated at our institution with the aim of identifying significant prognostic variables in a Chinese population.    Methods  We studied the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes for 77 pediatric patients diagnosed with  ETV6/RUNX1 -positive ALL between 2005 and 2015 at our institution.    Results  The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) were reported to be 90% ± 3% and 96% ± 3% respectively. Two patients had a relapse at a median of 42 months from diagnosis and the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 2.1%. Despite intensive chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, the 2 relapsed patients succumbed to the disease progression and the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 97% ± 2%. Multivariate analysis for EFS revealed that the minimal residual disease (MRD) ≥10 − 3  on Day + 33 negatively affected the outcome.    Conclusions  In conclusion, patients with  ETV6/RUNX1  fusion transcript can achieve a high rate of complete remission and the long-term curative effect was excellent under risk-stratified treatment. In case of relapse, the MRD level at the end of induction therapy should be taken into consideration while deciding the appropriate chemotherapy dosage.

ETV6/RUNX1-positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China: excellent prognosis with improved BFM protocol