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Background  A febrile seizure ( FS ) is the most common convulsive disorder in children. Activation of cytokine network is involved in  FS  pathogenesis. Adiponectin, leptin and IL-6 are the major adipocytokines secreted by fat cells. To date, only a few studies concerned the association of adipocytokines with febrile seizures. In this study, we tried to investigate serum and  CSF  levels of adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ); as adipocytokines, for the first time in Egyptian children with febrile seizures.    Methods  This was a prospective cross-sectional study included one hundred patients with febrile seizure, and matched with age, gender, 100 children with febrile illness without seizures (febrile control,  FC ) and 100 healthy control group ( HC ). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) levels of adiponectin, leptin, and ( IL-6 ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) method.    Results  Serum adiponectin was significantly higher in children with  FS  (16.8 ± 3.7 ug/ml) and the  FC  group (18.3 ± 4.3 ug/ml) compared to the  HC  group (9.5 ± 2.2 ug/ml);  P  < 0.05, respectively. Serum leptin was significantly lower in children with  FS  (0.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml) compared to both the  FC  group (4.7 ± 1.2 ng/ml) and the  HC  group (1.8 ± 0.4 ng/ml);  P  < 0.01, respectively. Children with  FS  had significantly higher serum IL-6 levels (43.7 ± 11.7 ng/ml) than the  FC  group (21.9 ± 4.5 ng/ml) and the  HC  group (6.5 ± 1.8 ng/ml);  P  < 0.01, respectively. Patients with simple febrile seizures  (SFS ) had serum and  CSF  adiponectin levels similar to those with complex febrile seizures (CFS); ( P  > 0.05). Serum and  CSF  leptin levels were significantly lower in patients with  CFS  compared to the  SFS  group ( P  < 0.05). Serum and  CSF  IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with  CFS  compared to the  SFS  group ( P  < 0.01). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the high serum IL-6 levels was the most significant risk factor associated with febrile seizures among studied children (OR: 6.2; 95 % CI: 3.58 –10.57;  P  = 0.0001).    Conclusion  Our data brought a novel observation that some adipocytokines like leptin and IL-6 could be, at least in part, an aetiopathogenetic factor in the manifestation of febrile seizures in susceptible Egyptian children. Moreover, we observed a significant association between high  CSF  IL-6 levels and susceptibility to complex febrile seizures as did the low  CSF  leptin levels.

Serum and CSF adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin 6 levels as adipocytokines in Egyptian children with febrile seizures: a cross-sectional study