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Background Melatonin, as a free radical scavenger exhibiting genomic actions, regulates the antioxidant genes expression and apoptosis mechanisms. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in follicular fluid leads to oxidative stress, aberrant folliculogenesis, and intrinsic defects in PCOS oocytes. In this experimental mouse model study, oocytes of PCOS and the control groups were cultured in different melatonin concentrations (10 − 5 , 10 − 6 , and 10 − 7  M) to investigate the expression of oocyte maturation-related genes ( Gdf9 / Bmp15 ), antioxidant-related genes ( Gpx1 / Sod1 ), apoptotic biomarkers ( Bcl2 / Bax ) and total intracellular ROS levels. Results Gdf9  and  Bmp15 ,  Gpx1  and  Sod1  were up-regulated in PCOS and control oocytes cultured in all melatonin concentrations compared to those cultured in IVM basal medium ( P  &lt; 0.05). A significant decrease in the total ROS level was observed in all groups cultured in the supplemented cultures. Melatonin increased  Bcl2  and decreased  Bax  gene expression in PCOS and control oocytes compared to non-treated oocytes. Conclusions Melatonin increased antioxidant gene expression and regulated the apoptosis pathway, effectively reducing the adverse effects of culture conditions on PCOS oocytes. Furthermore, it influenced the expression of oocyte maturation-related genes in PCOS, providing valuable support during the IVM process.

journal of ovarian research

The boosting effects of melatonin on the expression of related genes to oocyte maturation and antioxidant pathways: a polycystic ovary syndrome- mouse model