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Background  Mature cystic teratomas are usually found in the ovaries. They are bilateral in 10 to 15% of cases and multiple cystic teratomas may be present in one ovary. The aim of this study is to clarify if development of mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries in a single host is metachronous or due to autoimplant or recurrence.    Case presentation  We report a woman with bilateral mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries. DNA profiles of these teratomas were investigated via short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and methylation statuses were determined via methylation sensitive multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification methods. The results showed that the cystic teratomas originated from different stages of oogonia or primary oocyte before germinal vesicle stage failure of meiosis I in female gametogenesis.  Potentially relevant literature was searched in PubMed database. Cases of bilateral or multiple mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries were analyzed. To date, there has been no reported case of multiple mature cystic teratomas in which clarification of the origin was achieved using molecular genetic methods.    Conclusions  The results of this case study provide evidence of metachronous development of mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries and may serve as a reference in the management of patients following laparoscopic cystectomy.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-017-0313-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

journal of ovarian research

Evidence of metachronous development of ovarian teratomas: a case report of bilateral mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries and systematic literature review