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Background  Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in central nervous system. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis of glioma remains gloomy. Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that degrades proteins and damaged organelles, which is implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase ( ATG4C ) is an autophagy regulator responsible for cleaving of pro-LC3 and delipidation of LC3 II. This study was designed to investigate the role of ATG4C in glioma progression and temozolomide (TMZ) chemosensitivity.    Methods  The association between  ATG4C  mRNA expression and prognosis of gliomas patients was analyzed using the TCGA datasets. The role of  ATG4C  in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and TMZ chemosensitivity were investigated by silencing ATG4C in vivo. Ectopic xenograft nude mice model was established to investigate the effects of ATG4C on glioma growth in vivo.    Results  The median overall survival (OS) time of patients with higher ATG4C expression was significantly reduced (HR: 1.48,  p  = 9.91 × 10 − 7 ).  ATG4C  mRNA expression was evidently increased with the rising of glioma grade ( p =  2.97 × 10 − 8 ). Knockdown ATG4C suppressed glioma cells proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. ATG4C depletion suppressed autophagy and triggered apoptosis through ROS accumulation. Depletion of ATG4C suppressed TMZ-activated autophagy and promoted sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ. Additionally, ATG4C knockdown suppressed the growth of glioma remarkably in nude mice.    Conclusion  ATG4C is a potential prognostic predictor for glioma patient. Targeting ATG4C may provide promising therapy strategies for gliomas treatment.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1287-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Knockdown ATG4C inhibits gliomas progression and promotes temozolomide chemosensitivity by suppressing autophagic flux