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Background  Patients with CML treated with TKI can have a life expectancy comparable to that of the general population. Due to the extended duration of TKI administration, treatment discontinuation has been increasingly sought.    Methods  Medical records of 100 patients with CML who were in MR 4.5  and discontinued their TKI outside clinical trials were reviewed.    Results  After a median follow-up of 30 months (range, 5–112 months) after discontinuation, 35% and 17% lost MR 4.5  and major molecular response (MMR), respectively. Only six patients lost MMR 12 months or more after discontinuation. Loss of MR 4.5  was observed in 29% and 7% of patients with sustained MR 4.5  duration of more than 2 and 6 years before discontinuation, respectively. By univariate analysis, there was a higher risk of loss of MR 4.5  for patients who were treated for less than 87 months, received second or subsequent line TKI, never received interferon, or those with sustained MR 4.5  for less than 6 years. By multivariate analysis, sustained MR 4.5  for 6 years or more was the only significant predictor for durable response. Overall, 30% of patients who discontinued while in MR 4.5  were retreated with 93% regaining MR 4.5  at a median of 5 months.    Conclusion  These results demonstrate that under proper conditions, treatment discontinuation is feasible outside of clinical trial setting. MR 4.5  duration of 6 years or more before discontinuation is associated with very low risk of loss of MR 4.5 .

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: a single-institution experience