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Background  The uncultivated species  Dasypyrum breviaristatum  carries novel diseases resistance and agronomically important genes of potential use for wheat improvement. The development of new wheat- D. breviaristatum  derivatives lines with disease resistance provides an opportunity for the identification and localization of resistance genes on specific  Dasypyrum  chromosomes. The comparison of wheat- D. breviaristatum  derivatives to the wheat- D. villosum  derivatives enables to reveal the genomic divergence between  D. breviaristatum  and  D. villosum .    Results  The mitotic metaphase of the wheat-  D. breviaristatum  partial amphiploid TDH-2 and durum wheat - D. villosum  amphiploid TDV-1 were studied using multicolor fluorescent  in situ  hybridization (FISH). We found that the distribution of FISH signals of telomeric, subtelomeric and centromeric regions on the  D. breviaristatum  chromosomes was different from those of  D. villosum  chromosomes by the probes of Oligo-pSc119.2, Oligo-pTa535, Oligo-(GAA) 7  and Oligo-pHv62-1. A wheat line D2139, selected from a cross between wheat lines MY11 and TDH-2, was characterized by FISH and PCR-based molecular markers. FISH analysis demonstrated that D2139 contained 44 chromosomes including a pair of  D. breviaristatum  chromosomes which had originated from the partial amphiploid TDH-2. Molecular markers confirmed that the introduced  D. breviaristatum  chromosomes belonged to homoeologous group 7, indicating that D2139 was a 7V b  disomic addition line. The D2139 displayed high resistance to wheat stripe rust races at adult stage plant, which may be inherited from,  D. breviaristatum  chromosome 7V b .    Conclusion  The study present here revealed that the large divergence between  D. breviaristatum  and  D. villosum  with respected to the organization of different repetitive sequences. The identified wheat-  D. breviaristatum  chromosome addition line D2139 will be used to produce agronomically desirable germplasm for wheat breeding.

molecular cytogenetics

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of Dasypyrum breviaristatum chromosomes in wheat background revealing the genomic divergence between Dasypyrum species