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Background    Salmonella   enterica  Typhimurium ( S . Typhimurium) is the most common cause of bovine salmonellosis in Japan and where it is also cause of salmonellosis in wild birds. In 2008, a postpartum cow at a dairy farm developed diarrhea caused by  S . Typhimurium. The herd was extensively surveilled for  Salmonella  sp. and we characterized bacterial isolates from this and other cows to determine the source of infection.    Results  Eight isolates of  S . Typhimurium from cattle were identified as phage type DT40 and showed a 100 % similarity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and the same or similar multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles as those of  S . Typhimurium isolated from dead sparrows ( Passer montanus ) collected at Asahikawa in 2006.  S . Typhimurium DT40 was considered to be a major cause of high sparrow mortality in Hokkaido in 2005–2006 and 2008–2009, suggesting that DT40 maintained in sparrows was transmitted to cattle.    Conclusions    S . Typhimurium DT40 may be transmitted from sparrows to dairy cattle.

A case study on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at a dairy farm associated with massive sparrow death