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Background  The prevalence of  Toxoplasma gondii  in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of  T. gondii  oocysts in the environment. The aim of this study was to isolate  T. gondii  parasites from heart and brain of seropositive free range (FR) chickens.    Findings  Isolation of  T. gondii  from pooled heart and brain of 41 direct agglutination test (DAT) positive (≥1:40) free range chickens ( Gallus domesticus ) was carried out by bioassay in mice.  T. gondii  specific antibodies in mice were assayed by DAT and microscopy was employed for detection and enumeration of brain tissue cysts. Overall, bioassay was positive in 29 (70.7%) chicken samples.  T. gondii  tissue cysts were isolated from 59% (24/41) of bioassayed chickens: from 2 of 7 chickens with a titer of 1: ≤ 60, 2 of 5 with titer 1: 180, 6 of 8 with titer 1: 540, 10 of 15 with titer 1: 1620, 1 of 2 with titer 1: 6000, 2 of 3 with titer 1:18000, 1 of 1 with titer 1:54000. None of the isolates was pathogenic for mice. Tissue cysts were detected from 61% of seropositive mice (DAT ≥ 1:40). Generally, tissue cyst counts per brain of mouse were low (mean: 132.7 ± 84.4; range: 47–352).    Conclusions  Majority of  T. gondii  seropositive chickens ( Gallus domesticus ) in Central. Ethiopia carries the infective parasite. Tissues from the free range chicken might be a source infection for animals and humans.

Majority of T. gondii seropositive chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Central Ethiopia carries the infective parasite