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Background Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has been associated with infections that may promote tumour progression. Accordingly, we analysed the presence of Mollicutes,  Mycoplasma hyorhinis ,  Fusobacterium nucleatum  and  Helicobacter pylori  in gastric cancer tissues and evaluated their correlation with clinicopathological factors.  Methods Using a commercial kit, DNA were extracted from 120 gastric samples embedded in paraffin: 80 from patients with gastric cancer and 40 from cancer free patients, dating from 2006 to 2016.  Mollicutes  and  H. pylori  were detected by PCR;  F. nucleatum  and  M. hyorhinis  were detected by qPCR, together with immunohistochemistry for the latter bacteria. Results Mollicutes were detected in the case and control groups (12% and 2.5%) and correlated with the papillary histologic pattern ( P  = 0.003), likely due to cell transformation promoted by Mollicutes.  M. hyorhinis  was detected in the case and control group but was not considered a cancer risk factor.  H. pylori  was detected at higher loads in the case compared to the control group (8% and 22%,  P  = 0.008) and correlated with metastasis ( P  = 0.024), lymphatic invasion ( P  = 0.033), tumour of diffused type ( P  = 0.028), and histopathological grading G1/G2 ( P  = 0.008).  F. nucleatum  was the most abundant bacteria in the case group, but was also detected in the control group (26% and 2.5%). It increased the cancer risk factor ( P  = 0.045, OR = 10.562, CI95% = 1.057–105.521), and correlated with old age ( P  = 0.030) and tumour size ( P  = 0.053). Bacterial abundance was significantly different between groups ( P  = 0.001). Conclusion Our findings could improve the control and promote our understanding of opportunistic bacteria and their relevance to malignant phenotypes.

Evaluating the presence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Helicobacter pylori in biopsies of patients with gastric cancer