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Background  In the lower Mekong Basin and coastal zones of Southern Vietnam, forests dominated by the genus  Melaleuca  have two notable features: most have been substantially disturbed by human activity and can now be considered as degraded forests; and most are subject to acute pressures from climate change, particularly in regards to changes in the hydrological and sodicity properties of forest soil.    Results  Data was collected and analyzed from five typical  Melaleuca  stands including: (1) primary  Melaleuca  forests on sandy soil (VS1); (2) regenerating  Melaleuca  forests on sandy soil (VS2); (3) degraded secondary  Melaleuca  forests on clay soil with peat (VS3); (4) regenerating  Melaleuca  forests on clay soil with peat (VS4); and (5) regenerating  Melaleuca  forests on clay soil without peat (VS5). Carbon densities of VS1, VS2, VS3, VS4, and VS5 were found to be 275.98, 159.36, 784.68, 544.28, and 246.96 tC/ha, respectively. The exchangeable sodium percentage of  Melaleuca  forests on sandy soil showed high sodicity, while those on clay soil varied from low to moderate sodicity.    Conclusions  This paper presents the results of an assessment of the carbon stocks and sodicity tolerance of natural  Melaleuca cajuputi  communities in Southern Vietnam, in order to gather better information to support the improved management of forests in the region. The results provide important information for the future sustainable management of  Melaleuca  forests in Vietnam, particularly in regards to forest carbon conservation initiatives and the potential of  Melaleuca  species for reforestation initiatives on degraded sites with highly sodic soils.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13021-015-0025-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

An assessment of the carbon stocks and sodicity tolerance of disturbed Melaleuca forests in Southern Vietnam