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Background  This study aimed to describe the mid-term outcomes of different treatments in patients with atrial fibrillation caused tricuspid regurgitation.    Methods  A retrospective study of patients diagnosed as atrial fibrillation caused moderate-severe tricuspid regurgitation undergoing ablation ( n  = 411) were reviewed. The surgical cohort ( n  = 114) underwent surgical ablation and tricuspid valve repair; the catheter cohort ( n  = 279) was selected from those patients who had catheter ablation.    Results  The estimated actuarial 5-year survival rates were 96.8% (95% CI: 92.95–97.78) and 92.0% (95% CI: 85.26–95.78) in the catheter and surgical cohort, respectively. Tethering height was showed as independent risk factors for recurrent atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation in both cohorts. A matched group analysis using propensity-matched was conducted after categorizing total patients by tethering height < 6 mm and ≥ 6 mm. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed in patients with tethering height < 6 mm, there were no differences in survival from mortality, stroke, recurrent atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation between two groups. In patients with tethering height ≥ 6 mm, there were significantly higher cumulative incidence of stroke (95% CI, 0.047–0.849;  P  = 0.029), recurrent atrial fibrillation (95% CI, 0.357–09738;  P  = 0.039) and tricuspid regurgitation (95% CI, 0.359–0.981;  P  = 0.042) in catheter group.    Conclusions  Atrial fibrillation caused tricuspid regurgitation resulted in less leaflets coaptation, which risk the recurrence of atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation. Patients whose tethering height was less than 6 mm showed satisfying improvement in tricuspid regurgitation with the restoration of sinus rhythm after catheter ablation. However, in patients with severe leaflets tethering, the results favored surgical over catheter.

journal of cardiothoracic surgery

Catheter ablation or surgical therapy in moderate-severe tricuspid regurgitation caused by long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Propensity score analysis