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Objective  To observe the surgical index at the different learning stages of thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position for esophageal cancer and to investigate the learning curve of this surgical procedure.    Methods  Sixty thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomies in the prone position for esophageal cancer conducted by the same group of surgeons between January 2014 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgeries were divided into 5 groups, A, B, C, D, and E, in chronological order. The duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, total number of lymph nodes removed, rate of the intraoperative conversion to open surgery, complication rate, and length of postoperative hospitalization were recorded and analyzed.    Results  The general information of the patients did not significantly differ among the 5 groups ( P  > 0.05). The duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node removed, rate of intraoperative conversion to open surgery, and number of injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerve all significantly differed ( P  < 0.05). The rates of postoperative pulmonary infection, anastomotic fistula, pneumothorax, and hospitalization did not significantly differ ( P  > 0.05).    Conclusion  Thoracic physicians with some endoscopic experience can meet the requirements of the thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position for esophageal cancer after completing 24–30 surgeries.

Learning curve associated with thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer patients in the prone position