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Background Patients with HIV have a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia than those without HIV infection, increasing their risk of substantial perioperative blood loss (PBL) during total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to evaluate PBL risk factors in HIV-infected patients undergoing THA. Methods Eighteen HIV+ patients (21 hip joints) and 33 HIV− patients (36 joints) undergoing THA were enrolled in this study. PBL was calculated using the Gross equation, which comprises total blood loss (TBL), dominant blood loss (DBL), and hidden blood loss (HBL). Risk factors for post-THA PBL in both patient populations was evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Results At baseline, the HIV+ patients were younger, more likely to be male and to have elevated hemoglobin and albumin levels, and lower erythrocyte sedimentation rates than HIV− patients. There were no differences in the T-lymphocyte subsets or coagulation function between the two groups. Age and albumin level were identified as potential HBL risk factors after THA, and albumin level was associated with higher TBL. The unadjusted linear regression analysis showed that the HBL and TBL were significantly higher in HIV+ patients than in HIV− patients. However, after adjusting for other factors, no differences in DBL, HBL, or TBL were observed between HIV− and HIV+ patients. Conclusion PBL was similar in both groups undergoing THA, regardless of their HIV-infection status. THA surgery is a safe and effective procedure in HIV+ patients.

HIV infection is not associated with perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty