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Background Epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between hypercholesterolemia and shoulder disease. Previous studies have focused on the effect of hypercholesterolemia on tendinopathy. Moreover, hypercholesterolemia has also been linked to joint pathology in the knee and hand. However, the effect of hyperlipidemia on glenohumeral joint remain unclear. A hypercholesterolemic condition has been reported to alter levels of A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTSs) and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in synovium of the knee joint. Here, we evaluated the mRNA expression of ADAMTSs and MMPs in the glenohumeral synovium of patients with and without hypercholesterolemia. Methods Study participants were 73 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for degenerative rotator cuff tears. They were divided into two groups according to total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride levels. Synovial membrane samples were harvested at the rotator interval during surgery, and mRNA expression levels of the aggrecanases ADAM-TS4 and ADAM-TS5 and MMPs ( MMP-1, 3, 9,  and  13 ) were analyzed quantitatively. Results ADAM-TS5  and  MMP1  mRNA levels were significantly higher in the high TC group than in the low TC group ( P  = 0.023 and  P  = 0.025, respectively). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in  ADAMTS4  or  MMPs 3, 9,  and  13  ( ADAMTS4 ,  P  = 0.547;  MMP3 ,  P  = 0.55;  MMP9 ,  P  = 0.521; and  MMP13 ,  P  = 0.785). Conclusion Hypercholesterolemia may alter MMP1 and ADAMTS5 expression in the synovium of the glenohumeral joint.

Elevation of MMP1 and ADAMTS5 mRNA expression in glenohumeral synovia of patients with hypercholesterolemia