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Background  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) after lumbar spine surgery.    Methods  In this randomized, controlled study, 665 patients who underwent lumbar surgery were randomly assigned to receive either rivaroxaban or parnaparin. Rivaroxaban and parnaparin were used for preventing postoperative venous thrombosis. The occurrence of postoperative efficacy endpoint events (venous thrombosis) and safety endpoint events (hemorrhage) was compared for each group.    Results  Efficacy endpoint results: in the rivaroxaban group, there were 6 thrombotic events (1.7 %), 2 cases with severe VTE (0.6 %), and 3 cases with symptomatic VTE (0.9 %). In the parnaparin group, there were 10 thrombotic events (3.1 %), 4 cases with severe VTE (1.2 %), and 6 cases with symptomatic VTE (1.9 %). Safety endpoint results: in the rivaroxaban group, there were 21 cases with bleeding events (6.2 %), 2 cases with severe bleeding (0.6 %), and 19 cases with non-severe bleeding (5.6 %). In the parnaparin group, there were 21 bleeding events (6.2 %), 1 case with severe bleeding (0.3 %), and 16 cases with non-severe bleeding (4.9 %). The incidences of thromboembolic events, including severe and symptomatic VTE, were not significantly different between the two groups ( P  > 0.05). Bleeding event rates, including severe and non-severe bleeding, were also not significantly different.    Conclusions  Rivaroxaban proved to be equally effective as parnaparin for anticoagulation therapy, with both drugs exhibiting a similar prevention effect against postoperative VTE after lumbar spine surgery, without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding.

Comparison of rivaroxaban and parnaparin for preventing venous thromboembolism after lumbar spine surgery