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Background  Patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) harboring  O   6   -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase  promoter nonmethylation ( MGMT -non-pM) have a particularly short survival and are great resistance to chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of high-dose radiotherapy (RT) for LGGs with  MGMT -non-pM.    Methods  268 patients with newly diagnosed adult supratentorial LGGs from the multicenter Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) received postoperative RT during 2005–2018.  MGMT  promoter methylation analysis was conducted by pyrosequencing in all patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox regression to determine the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RT dose–response on  MGMT  status defined subtypes was analyzed.    Results  On univariate analysis, the following were statistically significant favorable factors for both PFS and OS: oligodendrogliomas( p  = 0.002 and  p  = 0.005), high-dose RT (> 54 Gy) ( p  = 0.021 and  p  = 0.029) and 1p/19q codeletion ( p  < 0.001 and  p  = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, RT dose (> 54 Gy  vs.  ≤ 54 Gy) and  IDH  mutation were independently prognostic markers for OS (HR, 0.47; 95%CI, 0.22–0.98;  p  = 0.045; and HR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.21–0.96;  p  = 0.038, respectively) and PFS (HR, 0.48; 95%CI, 0.26–0.90;  p  = 0.022; and HR, 0.51; 95%CI, 0.26–0.98;  p  = 0.044, respectively). High-dose RT was associated with longer OS (HR, 0.56; 95%CI, 0.32–0.96;  p  = 0.036) and PFS (HR, 0.58; 95%CI, 0.35–0.96;  p  = 0.033) than low-dose RT in  MGMT -non-pM subtype. In contrast, no significant difference in either OS ( p  = 0.240) or PFS ( p  = 0.395) was observed with high-dose RT in the  MGMT -pM subtype.    Conclusions  High-dose RT (> 54 Gy) is an independently protective factor for LGGs and is associated with improved survival in patients with  MGMT- non-pM.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13014-021-01878-3.

High-dose radiotherapy in newly diagnosed low-grade gliomas with nonmethylated O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase