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Background and purpose  To compare organ-at-risk doses and setup reproducibility using the prone and supine orientations in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for rectal cancer.    Materials and methods  Seventeen consecutive rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative radiation were selected and setup in either the prone ( N  = 8) or supine ( N  = 9) position. All patients were treated using posteriorly-applied VMAT. Bladder and small bowel dose and cone beam CT (CBCT) reproducibility metrics were retrospectively collected.    Results  Dose metrics for bladder and small bowel did not show significant differences between the prone and supine orientations. The prone data had a trend for smaller irradiated volumes than supine for the small bowel at lower doses—V20 (prone: 135 ± 99 cm 3 ; supine: 201 ± 162 cm 3 ) and V30 (prone: 78 ± 71 cm 3 ; supine: 105 ± 106 cm 3 ). At higher doses, the trend reversed as exemplified by the small bowel V50.4 (prone: 20 ± 28 cm 3 ; supine: 10 ± 14 cm 3 ). CBCT data showed that rotational errors in pitch and roll were significantly larger for the prone vs. supine orientation (pitch: 2.0° ± 1.3° vs. 0.8° ± 1.1°  p  < 0.001; roll: 1.0° ± 0.9° vs. 0.3° ± 0.5°,  p  < 0.001).    Conclusions  Bladder and small bowel doses were not significantly different when comparing VMAT plans developed for the prone and supine orientations. The supine orientation demonstrated improved setup reproducibility.

radiation oncology

The effect of prone and supine treatment positions for the pre-operative treatment of rectal cancer on organ-at-risk sparing and setup reproducibility using volumetric modulated arc therapy