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Background  Existing methods for directly measuring photosynthetic capacity ( A  max ) have low throughput, which creates a key bottleneck for pre-breeding and ecological research. Currently available commercial leaf gas exchange systems are not designed to maximize throughput, on either a cost or time basis.    Results  We present a novel multiplexed semi-portable gas exchange system, OCTOflux, that can measure  A  max  with approximately 4–7 times the throughput of commercial devices, despite a lower capital cost. The main time efficiency arises from having eight leaves simultaneously acclimate to saturating CO 2  and high light levels; the long acclimation periods for each leaf (13.8 min on average in this study) thus overlap to a large degree, rather than occurring sequentially. The cost efficiency arises partly from custom-building the system and thus avoiding commercial costs like distribution, marketing and profit, and partly from optimizing the system’s design for  A  max  throughput rather than flexibility for other types of measurements.    Conclusion  Throughput for  A  max  measurements can be increased greatly, on both a cost and time basis, by multiplexing gas streams from several leaf chambers connected to a single gas analyzer. This can help overcome the bottleneck in breeding and ecological research posed by limited phenotyping throughput for  A  max .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-018-0347-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A multiplexed gas exchange system for increased throughput of photosynthetic capacity measurements