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Background  The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral microbiota ( Candida  species (spp.),  Streptococcus mutans , and  Lactobacilli ) in patients with multibracket (MB) appliances in relation to the quality of oral hygiene.  Saliva and plaque samples were collected from three groups of 25 patients each (good oral hygiene (GOH), poor oral hygiene (POH), and poor oral hygiene with white spot lesions (POH/WSL)). Counts of colony forming units (CFU) of the investigated oral microbiota were compared using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests.    Results  Both saliva and plaque samples showed a high prevalence of  Candida  spp. in all patients (saliva: 73.4 %, plaque: 60.9 %). The main  Candida  species was  C. albicans . The salivary CFU of  Candida  spp. in the GOH group was significantly lower than that in the POH group ( p  = 0.045) and POH/WSL group ( p  = 0.011).  S. mutans  was found in the saliva and plaque samples of all patients.  Lactobacilli  were found in the saliva samples of all patients and in 90.7 % of the plaque samples. In the saliva samples, the CFU of  Lactobacilli  were more numerous in the POH and POH/WSL groups than in the GOH group ( p  = 0.047).    Conclusions  The investigated sample of patients showed a high carriage of oral  Candida  spp. Patients with WSL formation during MB appliance treatment exhibited higher counts of  Candida  and  Lactobacilli  compared with patients with good oral hygiene. Independent of oral hygiene quality,  S. mutans  was detected in all patients.

Oral microbiota carriage in patients with multibracket appliance in relation to the quality of oral hygiene