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Background  Traditional alcoholic beverages (TABs) have only received marginal attention from researchers and ethnobotanists so far, especially in Italy. This work is focused on plant-based TABs in the Alta Valle del Reno, a mountainous area on the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions. The aims of our study were to document local knowledge about TABs and to analyze and discuss the distribution of related knowledge within the investigated communities.    Methods  Field data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The relative importance of each plant species used to prepare TABs was assessed by calculating a general Use Value Index ( UV  general ), a current  UV  ( UV  current ) and a past  UV  ( UV  past ). We also assessed personal experience of use by calculating effective and potential  UV  ( UV  effective,  UV  potential ). A multivariate analysis was performed to compare ingredients in recipes recorded in the Alta Valle del Reno with those reported for neighboring areas.    Results  Forty-six plant species, belonging to 20 families, were recorded. Rosaceae was the most significant family (98 citations, 19 species), followed by Rutaceae (15, 3) and Lamiaceae (12, 4). The most important species was  Prunus cerasus  L. ( UV  general  = 0.44), followed by  Juglans regia  L. (0.38),  Rubus idaeus  L. (0.27) and  Prunus spinosa  L. (0.22). Species with the highest  UV  current  were  Juglans regia  (0.254),  Prunus cerasus  (0.238) and  Citrus limon  L. (0.159). The highest  UV  effective  values were obtained by  Prunus cerasus  (0.413),  Juglans regia  (0.254),  Rubus idaeus  (0.222) and  Citrus limon  (0.206). We also discuss the results of the multivariate analysis.    Conclusions  TABs proved to occupy an important place in the traditional culture and social life of the studied communities. Moreover, data highlight the local specificity and richness of this kind of tradition in the Alta Valle del Reno, compared to other Italian areas. Some plant ingredients used for TABs have potential nutraceutical and even therapeutic properties that are well known by local people. These properties could constitute an additional economic value for TABs' commercialization, which in turn could promote the local rural economy.

journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

Traditional alcoholic beverages and their value in the local culture of the Alta Valle del Reno, a mountain borderland between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna (Italy)