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Background  Survival of glioma patients with the same tumor histology and grade can vary significantly, and some low-grade gliomas transform to a more malignant phenotype. There is a need of molecular signatures, which are better predictors of the patient diagnosis, outcome of treatment, and prognosis than the diagnosis provided by histopathology. We propose  CHI3L1  mRNA expression as a prognostic biomarker for patients with glioma.    Methods  We measured  CHI3L1  expression with quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the cohort of 98 patients with different grade glioma: 10 grade I pylocytic astrocytomas, 30 grade II diffuse astrocytomas, 20 grade III anaplastic astrocytomas, and 38 grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastomas). Statistical analyses were conducted to investigate the association between  CHI3L1  mRNA expression levels and patient clinical variables.    Results  We demonstrated that mRNA expression of  CHI3L1  was evidently higher in glioblastoma than in lower grade glioma tissues. We evaluated correlations between  CHI3L1  expression, clinicopathological characteristics, and the outcomes of the patients. Patients with high  CHI3L1  expression had a shorter overall survival ( p  < 0.001).    Conclusions  Findings presented in our study showed that increased mRNA level of  CHI3L1  could be associated with the progression of astrocytoma and poor patient survival not only for glioblastoma, but for lower grade astrocytoma tumors as well. Further investigation will be required to evaluate  CHI3L1  value as a molecular marker for astrocytoma prognoses and for novel treatment strategies against all grade astrocytomas.

High CHI3L1 expression is associated with glioma patient survival